中欧和东南欧的蛇毒:一个多中心研究
Mojca Dobaja Borak1,2, Željka Babić3, Blažena Caganova4
1Centre for Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|November 21, 2023
概括
毒蛇咬伤在中欧和东南欧更为常见和严重,特别是来自鼻角毒蛇 (Vipera ammodytes). 增加对Vipera ammodytes的抗毒剂的可用性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 类学 类学 类学
背景情况:
- 蛇咬的发病率在整个欧洲各不相同,中部和东南部地区的数据有限.
- 这些地区的特点是Vipera berus (常见的欧洲毒蛇) 和Vipera ammodytes (鼻角蛇).
- 目前还没有标准化的欧洲抗毒剂协议.
研究的目的:
- 评估中欧和东南欧地区毒蛇咬的流行病学.
- 为了评估和比较Vipera berus和Vipera ammodytes咬伤的治疗方法.
- 为了告知抗毒剂的可用性和治疗方案.
主要方法:
- 从2018年至2020年进行的前性多中心研究.
- 涉及波兰,捷克,斯洛伐克,匈牙利,斯洛文尼亚,克罗地亚,塞尔维亚和保加利亚的中毒中心和医院病房.
- 收集了关于患者人口统计,蛇种,咬伤地点,临床表现,实验室结果,严重程度分级和抗毒药使用的数据.
主要成果:
- 据估计,每年每百万人口中毒蛇咬的发生率为2.55.
- 在它们的分布区域内,Vipera ammodytes咬伤 (1.61/百万) 比Vipera berus咬伤 (1.00/百万) 更频繁.
- 维佩拉ammodytes咬伤更常导致局部疼痛和血小板缺血,需要抗毒在72%的病例,而Vipera berus. 39%的病例需要抗毒.
结论:
- 在中欧/东南欧,Vipera ammodytes的咬伤更为普遍和严重.
- 在Vipera ammodytes中毒中观察到疼痛和血小板减少的更高发病率.
- 对Vipera ammodytes抗毒药的需求增加需要提高生产和可负担性.
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