一个过渡的问题:在自闭症研究中评估伤害和益处
Ari Ne'eman1, Kenneth A Richman2, Allison M McCarthy3
1PhD candidate in health policy at Harvard University.
Ethics & human research
|November 21, 2023
概括
自闭症研究通常旨在减少自闭症特征,迫使自闭症个体"通过"作为非自闭症. 这项研究提出了一种伦理框架,使IRB能够评估自闭症干预措施,优先考虑非传递目标并最大限度地减少伤害.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 研究伦理学研究伦理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症干预研究经常优先考虑减少自闭症特征.
- 这种关注可以给自闭症患者带来压力,使他们"通过"作为非自闭症.
- 有证据表明,与这些"超越"要求相关的潜在危害.
研究的目的:
- 倡导机构审查委员会 (IRB) 审查自闭症研究的"临床合格"要求.
- 提出一个伦理框架来评估自闭症干预目标的适当性.
- 为利益相关者确定解决这些道德问题的有希望的实践.
主要方法:
- 在自闭症干预研究中分析常见的结果措施,以确定"通过"需求.
- 为评估干预目标制定伦理框架.
- 审查现有的关于"超越"的危害和研究中的伦理考虑的文献.
主要成果:
- 在自闭症研究中常用的结果指标可能隐含或明确地包括"通过"要求.
- 拟议的道德框架强调通过最不负担的手段追求有益的,不过时的目的.
- IRB,研究人员和利益相关者需要积极解决这些道德问题.
结论:
- 自闭症干预目标应在道德上进行评估,以确保它们不会促进有害的"通过"行为.
- 国际会计委员会在保护自闭症的非道德研究实践方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 采用优先考虑非传递,有益目标的框架对于伦理自闭症研究至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
100
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
100
01:26Modeling in Therapy
89
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
89
01:24Operant Conditioning Intervention
59
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
59
01:21Behavior Modification
175
Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
175