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有事业的叛乱分子? 规范违反如何塑造主导地位,声望和影响力授予
Gerben A van Kleef1, Florian Wanders1, Annelies E M van Vianen1
1Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
PloS one
|November 21, 2023
概括
违反规范的人通过显得优势和有声望来获得影响力,特别是当他们挑战更广泛的社区规则,同时坚持当地群体规范时. 这挑战了以前对社会影响力和规范坚持的理解.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 组织行为 组织行为
背景情况:
- 社会秩序依赖于规范,但违反规范的社会后果,特别是影响力方面,人们对其了解甚少.
- 现有的研究对违反规范的人在群体内获得或失去影响力提出了相互矛盾的结论.
- 这项研究探讨了违反规范,对主导地位和声望的看法以及随后的影响力之间的细微关系.
研究的目的:
- 探索如何违反不同类型的规范 (本地与全球) 影响对主导和声望的看法.
- 确定这些感知反过来又如何影响自愿影响授予和领导力出现.
- 了解违反规范者获得或失去社会影响力的条件.
主要方法:
- 相关性和因果研究 (研究1和2) 确定了违反规范,主导地位和声望之间的联系.
- 实验和观察性研究 (研究3至5) 检查了违反本地与全球规范如何影响领导力认可和任务分配.
- 统治和声望的感知被衡量为影响力的媒介.
主要成果:
- 违反规范与增加对主导地位的看法有关,而遵守规范与声望有关.
- 违反全球规范,同时坚持当地规范,增强了人们对领导的看法,因为违反者被视为既占主导地位又享有声望.
- 被视为"有事业的反叛者" (违反全球,遵守当地规范) 的个人获得了更大的影响力,特别是当规范发生冲突时.
结论:
- 违反规范对影响力的影响取决于违反规范的类型以及由此产生的对主导地位和声望的看法.
- 了解当地和全球规范之间的相互作用对于解释领导者的出现和社会层次的发展至关重要.
- 违反规范的人可以在战略上挑战更广泛的规则,同时保持当地群体的忠诚度时获得重大影响力.
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