脚和足部 flexor 肌单元功能在短跑者:一个叙事审查
Evan D Crotty1, Laura-Anne M Furlong2,3, Andrew J Harrison2
1Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. evan.crotty@ul.ie.
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|November 21, 2023
概括
脚关节和足部 flexor 肌单位 (MTU) 对于冲刺至关重要. 精英短跑者表现出更高的力量发展,优化脚力量以获得最大的速度和性能.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 人类运动科学科学 人类运动科学
- 运动生理学 体育生理学
背景情况:
- 最大冲刺性能取决于协调的肌单位 (MTU) 和关节功能.
- 脚部曲器MTU和脚关节对于冲刺时的地面力应用至关重要.
- 了解它们在不同冲刺阶段的角色是优化性能的关键.
研究的目的:
- 审查脚关节和足部 flexor MTUs 在冲刺开始,加速和最大速度阶段的贡献.
- 检查肌性质增强脚部 flexor MTU 的性能.
- 确定与脚和脚下 flexor 功能相关的促使精英冲刺表现的因素.
主要方法:
- 关于冲刺生物力学现有文献的叙事综述.
- 分析脚关节和足部 flexor MTU 在不同的冲刺阶段的作用.
- 精英和次精英短跑者之间的生理和生物力学特征的比较.
主要成果:
- 后腿脚关节和足部 flexor MTU的拉伸缩短周期 (SSC) 对于冲刺开始至关重要.
- 精英短跑运动员表现出更高的力量发展率 (RFD) 和水平阻断功率,通过脚传递.
- 在加速过程中,脚和足部 flexor MTU 是关键的,有不同的角色为soleus (支) 和腹肌 (推进/支).
- 在最大速度时,脚关节会消散能量,但对于将电力转移到地面至关重要.
结论:
- 脚关节和足部 flexor MTU 在所有冲刺阶段都是不可或缺的.
- 精英短跑者拥有卓越的RFD和通过脚传输功率的能力.
- 最佳的足部 flexor MTU 特性,可能受到鞋类和技术的影响,对于峰值性能至关重要.
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