OGT-1通过胰岛素信号通路调节突触组合
Mengting Wu1, Huihui Jiang1, Qian Li1
1Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Journal of cellular biochemistry
|November 22, 2023
概括
胰岛素-OGT-1通路调节了C. elegans神经元中的前突触组合,揭示了突触发育的新机制. 这一发现将营养感知与神经健康联系在一起.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 突触的形成和维护对神经系统的功能至关重要.
- 突触过程的错误调节与神经发育和神经退行性疾病有关.
- 由O-GlcNAc转移酶 (OGT) 感知的营养物质可用性会影响神经元功能,但其在突触发育中的作用尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究OGT-1的作用,OGT的C. elegans同类在突触发育中的作用.
- 阐明OGT-1调节前突触组合的分子机制.
- 探索胰岛素信号传递和OGT-1在突触发育中的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用C. elegans作为一个模型生物体.
- 研究了OGT-1在AIY内部神经元中的功能.
- 研究了胰岛素受体DAF-2和OGT-1之间的调节关系.
主要成果:
- 发现OGT-1可以调节AIY内部神经元中的前突触组合.
- 胰岛素受体DAF-2在OGT-1上游起作用,促进了前突触组合.
- DAF-2积极调节ogt-1的表达,这表明一种胰岛素-OGT-1轴.
- 这个轴可能通过调节神经元活动来影响突触发育.
结论:
- 阐明了一种涉及胰岛素-OGT-1轴的突触发育的新机制.
- 这项研究提供了突触发育与胰岛素相关的神经疾病之间的潜在联系.
- 这些发现强调了营养感应在调节神经元结构和功能的重要性.
相关概念视频
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
1.2K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.2K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles
5.0K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
5.0K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
3.6K
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a...
3.6K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.3K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.3K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
3.4K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.4K
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways
6.4K
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
6.4K


