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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

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A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
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Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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基驱动的酸酸盐中增强的双断裂.

Xia Yang1,2, Wenbin Zhang1,2, Xueting Pan1

  • 1Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China.

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概括

为紫外线应用合成了四种新的酸盐. 一些表现出非中心对称结构和增强的光学异构性由于基组,表明功能性晶体发展的潜力.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 固态化学 固态化学
  • 晶体学 晶体学是指结晶学.

背景情况:

  • 酸因其在紫外线 (UV) 和深紫外线 (DUV) 应用中作为功能晶体的潜力而越来越受认可.
  • 开发具有可取光学特性的新型酸材料对于推进光电子设备至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了合成和表征新的酸化合物.
  • 研究这些新型材料的结构和光学特性.
  • 探索基对酸盐二重断裂的影响.

主要方法:

  • 结晶合成的高温溶液方法.
  • 单晶X射线衍射用于结构确定.
  • 紫外相对NIR扩散反射光谱用于光学属性分析.
  • 电子结构和光学属性理解的理论计算.

主要成果:

  • 成功合成了四种新的酸盐:K2B2P2O9, (NH4) 2BP2O7 (OH),K2BP2O7 (OH) 和P21/c- (NH4) 2B2P3O11 (OH).
  • K2B2P2O9, (NH4) 2BP2O7 (OH) 和K2BP2O7 (OH) 在非中心对称的空间组中结晶,而P21/c- (NH4) 2B2P3O11 (OH) 是中心对称的.
  • 确定了新的基本构建块:[B2P2O11],[BP2O10H]和[BP2O9 (OH) ].
  • (NH4) 2BP2O7 ((OH) 和K2BP2O7 ((OH) 呈现出增强的光学异质性,归因于基组的存在.
  • K2B2P2O9和 (NH4) 2BP2O7(OH) 具有短的紫外线切断边缘,适合紫外线应用.

结论:

  • 合成的酸盐,特别是那些含有基的酸盐,显示出有希望的光学异质性和紫外线透明度.
  • 发现新的基本构建块扩大了酸盐的结构多样性.
  • 这些发现突显了这些新型酸盐在紫外线和深紫外线功能晶体应用中的潜力.