重复暴露于Omicron会覆盖祖先的SARS-CoV-2免疫印记
Ayijiang Yisimayi1,2, Weiliang Song1,2, Jing Wang1,2
1Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
Nature
|November 22, 2023
概括
重复的Omicron刺激可以克服祖先的COVID-19疫苗免疫印记,增强抗体反应. 建议在疫苗中放弃原始菌株,使用双重Omicron增强剂,以更好地防范SARS-CoV-2变种.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 免疫学
- 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 新出现的SARS-CoV-2变种需要更新的COVID-19疫苗成分.
- 基于祖先菌株的疫苗接种可以诱导免疫印记,损害对基于Omicron的增强剂的反应.
- 应对免疫印记的策略对于有效的COVID-19疫苗接种至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查针对SARS-CoV-2变种的免疫印记的程度和动态.
- 在小鼠模型和人类队伍中评估反复的Omicron刺激对免疫印记的影响.
- 确定减轻免疫印记和提高针对当前变种的疫苗有效性的策略.
主要方法:
- 在小鼠模型和人类队伍中进行的研究.
- 在单次和重复的Omicron刺激后对抗体反应的分析.
- 对单克隆抗体的受体结合域 (RBD) 表位的深度突变扫描.
- 包括XBB.1.5 RBD热点在内的SARS-CoV-2变种演变的特征.
主要成果:
- 重复的Omicron刺激,特别是第二次增强剂,减轻了老鼠和人类的祖先诱导的免疫印记.
- 在血和鼻膜中产生广泛的中和反应,诱导具有明显RBD表位的Omicron特异性抗体.
- 鉴定了XBB.1.5RBD进化热点,在保持ACE2结合的同时增强免疫逃避.
- 在没有先前接触过Omicron的个人中建议放弃WT组件的疫苗和双重Omicron增强剂.
结论:
- 重复的Omicron刺激有效地克服了祖先的COVID-19疫苗诱导的免疫印记.
- 疫苗策略应优先考虑Omicron特异性抗原,可能通过双增强,以加强对SARS-CoV-2变种的保护.
- 建议在更新的COVID-19疫苗中放弃祖先菌株以提高疗效.
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