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相关概念视频

The Carnot Cycle01:30

The Carnot Cycle

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Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
What could be the theoretical limit to the efficiency of a heat engine? The...
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Control of Power Flow01:30

Control of Power Flow

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There are several methods to control power flow in power systems:
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The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat engine that is more efficient than a Carnot engine between two fixed temperatures? The answer lies in designing a Carnot refrigerator.
Since the individual steps in a Carnot cycle can be reversed, the entire cycle is, thus, reversible. If a Carnot cycle is reversed, it becomes a Carnot refrigerator. It extracts heat Qc from a cold reservoir at...
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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Turbine-Governor Control01:17

Turbine-Governor Control

237
Turbine-governor control is crucial for maintaining power system stability by balancing turbine mechanical power output with electrical load demand. This mechanism ensures that generator frequency and rotor speed are within acceptable limits during load variations. Turbine-generator units store kinetic energy due to their rotating masses; this energy is released to meet the load requirement when the load increases. The electrical torque of turbines rises to meet the demand, whereas the...
237
Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow01:24

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

211
The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
211

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
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打破热电发电机的瓶

Bo Xu1, Yongjun Tian1

  • 1Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 23, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员使用相图方法选接口材料,以找到热电器件的最佳选择. 这种方法有效地识别了提高热电转换效率的材料.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学
  • 热力学
  • 能源转换

背景情况:

  • 热电装置将废热转化为电力.
  • 确定最佳接口材料对于提高设备效率至关重要.
  • 目前的材料选方法可能耗时且效率低下.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和应用基于阶段图的选方法.
  • 为提高热电性能确定最佳接口材料.
  • 加速发现新的废热回收材料.

主要方法:

  • 使用相图来预测材料的兼容性和性能.
  • 开发了基于热力学原理的高通量选策略.
  • 通过实验验证评估的候选接口材料 (详情未提供摘要).

主要成果:

  • 成功确定了热电应用的有前途的接口材料.
  • 阶段图方法在缩小候选材料方面被证明有效.
  • 证明了发现热电材料的更有效途径.

结论:

  • 基于相图的选是热电学材料发现的强大工具.
  • 优化的接口材料可以显著提高热电转换装置的性能.
  • 这种方法促进了下一代能源采集技术的发展.