分散的DNA变异是佛罗里达南部少数群体听力损失的基础
LéShon Peart1, Joanna Gonzalez1, Dayna Morel Swols1
1Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Human genomics
|November 23, 2023
概括
对听力损失的基因测试显示,在南佛罗里达州的种族群体中,成功率各不相同. 了解不同人群中的这些遗传因素对于公平诊断至关重要.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
- 医学遗传学 医学遗传学
背景情况:
- 感觉神经听力损失 (SNHL) 影响着各种人群,但在少数群体中,遗传原因的理解较少.
- 迈阿密大学遗传性听力损失诊所进行了一项研究,分析了来自南佛罗里达州的136名患者.
- 患者队列包括大量西班牙裔个人和各种种族背景 (白人,黑人,亚洲人).
研究的目的:
- 分析南佛罗里达州种族和少数民族SNHL的遗传原因.
- 确定不同人群中与听力损失相关的遗传因素的流行程度和影响.
- 为了减少听力损失遗传学在代表性不足的群体之间的理解差距.
主要方法:
- 从136名患者的人口,表型和遗传数据的回顾性图表审查.
- 通过遗传检测发现的致病基因变异的分析.
- 在不同种族和种族群体的分子诊断率的比较.
主要成果:
- 在40%的患者中发现了基因变异,西班牙裔和非西班牙裔个人之间没有显著差异.
- 分子诊断率因种族而异:白人为40%,黑人为47%,亚洲人为17%.
- 在白人西班牙裔中涉及的关键基因包括GJB2,MYO7A和STRC-CATSPER2;在非西班牙裔白人中,GJB2,MYO7A和SLC26A4最常见. 黑人和亚洲人群的检测率较低,基因分布不同.
结论:
- 对于听力损失的基因测试的诊断产量在南佛罗里达州的种族群体之间存在显著差异.
- 在种族和少数民族人口中观察到更大的遗传异质性.
- 进一步研究像黑人西班牙裔这样代表性不足的群体的聋基因变异对于解决遗传诊断方面的差异至关重要.
相关概念视频
Incomplete Dominance
22.6K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
22.6K
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
13.5K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
13.5K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
58.4K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
58.4K
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs
17.7K
Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
17.7K
Pleiotropy
40.5K
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
40.5K
Genetic Lingo
102.9K
Overview
102.9K


