白质微观结构与先天性心脏病出生的青少年和早产青少年的执行功能有不同的关联
Kaitlyn Easson1,2, May Khairy3, Charles V Rohlicek4
1Advances in Brain & Child Development (ABCD) Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Brain and behavior
|November 24, 2023
概括
患有先天性心脏病 (CHD) 或出生早产的年轻人的白质变化对执行功能产生不同的影响. 关联捆中的较低髓化和轴突密度与这些人群中的特定执行功能缺陷相关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿童心脏病学 儿童心脏病学
背景情况:
- 执行功能缺陷和心理挑战在患有先天性心脏病 (CHD) 或早产的年轻人中很普遍.
- 协会白质道对认知和情绪调节至关重要,它们的微观结构完整性对神经心理健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查肌化,轴突密度和指向之间的关系在协会内,白质捆和执行功能,心理社会福祉以及患有冠状动脉疾病或早产的年轻人的性.
- 在这些处于风险的年轻人群中,确定与执行功能缺陷相关的特定白质微结构变化.
主要方法:
- 利用先进的神经成像技术 (扩散成像和T1/T2放松计) 来量化协会捆中的白质微观结构 (髓水分,神经元密度指数,方向分散指数).
- 评估执行功能,心理社会福祉和弹性,使用心血管疾病,早产青少年和健康对照群的自我报告措施.
- 使用线性回归和调解分析来探索白质量指标和神经心理结果之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在CHD组中,在特定捆绑中减少髓化 (较低的髓水分) 与较差的工作记忆和自我监测有关,在自我监测缺陷中观察到调解.
- 在早产组中,轴突密度下降 (较低的神经元密度指数) 与情绪控制受损相关,并且在上端纵向 III 中介的计划/组织缺陷中减少了髓化.
- 在这两组中,白质微观结构与心理社会福祉或弹性之间没有发现显著的关联.
结论:
- 协会白质束中的微观结构差异,特别是改变的髓和轴突密度,在患有心脏病的年轻人和早产儿中与执行功能有明显的关联.
- 这些发现凸显了白质变化对这些弱势儿科群体认知发育的影响.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索影响白质微观结构和神经心理结果的神经生物学,社会和环境因素的相互作用.
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