将个性化治疗规则的学习从实验数据转移到现实世界的数据
概括
本研究引入了一种新的转移学习方法,以使用实验和现实世界的数据来改进个性化治疗规则 (ITR). 这种方法提高了ITRs对于精准医学应用的通用性.
科学领域:
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 精准医学依赖于个性化治疗效果估计.
- 可解释的个性化治疗规则 (ITR) 对于临床决策至关重要.
- 随机实验具有高的内部有效性,但由于选择限制,外部有效性有限.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种方法,使用实验和现实世界的数据,为目标人群学习可通用的最佳可解释的ITR.
- 解决传统方法中的偏差,这些方法仅依赖实验数据进行ITR估计.
- 提高ITR在现实世界医疗保健环境中的外部有效性.
主要方法:
- 提出了一种集成转移学习方法,以校准实验数据的共变量分布与使用权重方案的现实数据分布.
- 为拟议的ITR估计器建立了理论风险一致性.
- 通过模拟和现实世界工作培训计划数据应用评估了该方法的有限样本性能.
主要成果:
- 拟议的转移学习方法有效校准共变量分布,从而产生更可泛化的ITR.
- 理论分析证实了ITR估计器的风险一致性.
- 经验评估表明,与传统方法相比,该方法的有限样本性能优于传统方法.
结论:
- 综合性转移学习方法为学习可概括和可解释的ITR提供了一个强大的框架.
- 这种方法提高了实验研究结果对各种现实世界人口的适用性.
- 开发的技术对推进精准医学和基于证据的政策制定具有重大前景.
更多相关视频
04:09Predicting Treatment Response to Image-Guided Therapies Using Machine Learning: An Example for Trans-Arterial Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: October 10, 2018
8.3K
03:37Author Spotlight: Impact of Intergenic Interactions on Disease-Identifying Dark Biomarkers
Published on: March 1, 2024
768
相关概念视频
Modeling in Therapy
89
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
89
Data Collection by Experiments
24.2K
Data collection is a systematic method of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. An experimental study is a standard method of data collection that involves the manipulation of the samples by applying some form of treatment prior to data collection. It refers to manipulating one variable to determine its changes on another variable. The sample subjected to treatment is known as “experimental units.”
An example of the experimental method is a public...
An example of the experimental method is a public...
24.2K
Crossover Experiments
2.9K
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
2.9K
Regression Toward the Mean
6.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.3K
Randomized Experiments
7.0K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Simple randomization
Simple...
7.0K
Purposive Learning
121
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
121
