理想气体在引力场和热流中的基本关系
Robert Hołyst1, Paweł J Żuk1,2, Karol Makuch1
1Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 24, 2023
概括
这项研究引入了全球热力学第一定律,用于热流下的引力场中的理想气体. 它根据非平衡和重新规范化的质量来定义内部能量,这对于理解静止状态至关重要.
科学领域:
- 热力学是一种热力学.
- 统计力学 统计力学
- 流体动力学 流体动力学
背景情况:
- 在引力场中的理想气体具有不均的密度和温度配置.
- 了解静止状态需要考虑热流和引力效应.
研究的目的:
- 为了制定全球热力学第一定律,在一个具有热流的引力场中的理想气体的静态状态.
- 确定这些系统中调节内部能量的关键状态参数.
主要方法:
- 将不统一的系统映射到统一的系统.
- 导出非平衡 (S*) 和重新规范化的质量 (M*) 的分析表达式.
主要成果:
- 总内部能量U表达为非平衡 (S*),体积 (V),粒子数 (N),柱高度 (L) 和重新规范化的质量 (M*) 的函数.
- 再规范化质量 (M*) 解释了由于热流引起的质量中心移动引起的内部能量变化.
- 非平衡 (S*) 在热流接近零时汇聚到平衡.
- 当引力场消失时,基本关系会减少到平衡形式.
结论:
- 该研究为外部场和热流下的不均系统提供了一个新的热力学框架.
- 衍生关系在极限情况下 (零热流或零重力) 与平衡热力学相一致.
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