在古典和量子物理学中科学理论结构的Bild概念:从赫茨和博尔茨曼到施罗丁格和德布罗格利
1International Center for Mathematical Modeling in Physics and Cognitive Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 24, 2023
概括
本研究使用"Bild" (模型) 概念分析科学理论,为因果理论模型和观测模型提出了两层结构. 它提出了前量子经典统计场理论作为量子力学的因果模型.
科学领域:
- 科学哲学的哲学科学哲学
- 理论物理 理论物理
- 科学的历史科学的历史.
背景情况:
- 科学理论通常被理解为代表现实的数学模型.
- 科学思想的历史发展,从赫尔姆霍尔茨到施罗丁格,突出了理论和观测模型的演变.
- 因果理论模型 (CTM) 和观察模型 (OM) 之间的关系是复杂的,需要仔细的方法分析.
研究的目的:
- 进行科学理论及其与现实的联系的方法分析.
- 探索由赫茨建立的科学理论的"Bild" (模型) 概念.
- 提出科学理论的两级结构,区分CTM和OM,并将其应用于量子力学和布朗运动.
主要方法:
- 基于赫尔姆霍尔茨,赫茨,博尔茨曼,施罗丁格和达戈斯蒂诺的作品的科学理论的方法分析.
- 应用"Bild"概念来构建因果理论模型 (CTM) 和观测模型 (OM).
- 批评贝尔不等式违反和隐藏变量的no-go定理的解释,使用双层理论结构.
主要成果:
- 科学理论被概念化为数学模型 ("Bild"),旨在构建现象的因果理论模型 (CTM).
- 观察数据可以通过因果观察模型 (OMs) 描述,与CTMs有复杂的相互关系.
- 预量子经典统计场理论 (PCSFT) 被提出为量子力学的CTM,量子力学被视为一个OM.
结论:
- "Bild"方法和双层CTM-OM结构为理解科学理论提供了一个框架,包括量子力学和古典力学.
- 贝尔不等式违反的常见解释受到这种两级理论结构的挑战.
- 即使是古典的物理理论也可以从两层结构中受益,区分论和认识论方面.
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