三个不同的行练习的负载速度配置文件中的性别差异
Raúl Nieto-Acevedo1, Blanca Romero-Moraleda2,3, Almudena Montalvo-Pérez4
1Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 24, 2023
概括
男性在各种相对负荷的上肢划船练习中表现出比女性更高的运动速度. 该研究比较了三种划船变化的力-速度概况,发现了基于性别的显著差异.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 了解力-速度 (FV) 概况对于优化力量和动力训练至关重要.
- 耐力练习期间神经肌肉性能的性别差异已得到充分证实,但需要在划船运动中进行具体的调查.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较男性和女性在三个不同的划船练习中的力-速度概况差异:自由倾斜的长椅排 (PBR),曲的杆排 (BBOR) 和史密斯机器曲的排 (SMBOR).
- 分析不同相对负荷 (1-RM的%) 如何影响运动速度与性别和运动变异的关系.
主要方法:
- 28名参与者 (14名男性,14名女性) 使用PBR,BBOR和SMBOR随机顺序进行了最大动力强度评估.
- 每次练习都进行了渐进式负载测试 (1-RM的30-100%),所有尝试都测量了平均推进速度.
- 使用线性回归和ANOVA分析了条形速度,相对负载,运动类型和性别之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 史密斯机器曲排列 (SMBOR) 显示,与曲排列 (BBOR) 相比,在负载低于65%的1-RM下,与自由倾斜排列 (PBR) 相比,在负载低于90%的1-RM下,在两种性别中,平均速度显著更高.
- 在各种相对负载中,男性总是比女性获得明显更高的运动速度 (PBR 55-100% 1-RM; BBOR 和 SMBOR < 85% 1-RM).
- 在较低相对负荷 (30-40% 1-RM) 的运动和性别之间观察到速度的显著差异.
结论:
- 男人通常在上肢划船练习时表现出比女性更高的运动速度,特别是在中等至高的相对负载下.
- 运动模式 (PBR,BBOR,SMBOR) 影响力-速度配置文件,SMBOR可能允许在亚最大负载下实现更高的速度.
- 这些发现强调了在设计划船培训计划时考虑性别和运动特定的生物力学的重要性,以培养力量和动力.
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