立陶宛乳牛种群的遗传变异性和保护挑战
Šarūnė Marašinskienė1, Rūta Šveistienė1, Violeta Razmaitė1
1Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, LT 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|November 25, 2023
概括
评估了立陶宛牛品种的遗传变异性,揭示了立陶宛红 (LR) 种群的严重下降. 保护工作至关重要,以保护LR的祖先遗传组成,并管理立陶宛黑白 (LBWP) 品种的有效种群规模.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 立陶宛红 (LR) 和立陶宛黑白 (LBW) 牛品种正在进行保护.
- 立陶宛红色,红色和白色 (LRWP) 和立陶宛黑色和白色 (LBWP) 乳牛的开放种群存在.
- 了解遗传变异性是有效的保护策略的关键.
研究的目的:
- 在开放的LRWP和LBWP乳牛种群中调查遗传变异性.
- 为了将当前种群与旧的LR和LBW基因型进行比较.
- 识别遗传差异,并为保护计划提供信息.
主要方法:
- 对血统完整性,创始人数和年龄分布的分析.
- 计算代际间隔 (GI),内生系数 (F) 和有效种群大小 (Ne).
- 形成纯种子组 (LR_pure,LBW_pure) 以尽量减少杂交的影响.
主要成果:
- 在较老的LR和LBW世代中观察到的最高血统完整性 (100%).
- 较高的女性年龄与保存人群中的GI增加相关.
- 群体间GI和F的显著变化;LR_pure显示出高度的近亲繁殖 (9.24%).
- 在LBW_pure (23) 和LR_pure (59) 中内生繁殖率的最低有效种群规模 (Ne);在LBWP (462) 中最高.
- 根据母数,LR_pure具有最低的Ne (42),LBWP具有最高的Ne (4449).
结论:
- 立陶宛红 (LR) 种群处于危急状态,需要采取紧急保护措施.
- 尽管数量很大,但在开放繁殖计划 (LBWP) 中,每代有效种群规模可能会下降.
- 基因多样性的评估对于有针对性的保护土著牛品种至关重要.
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