在越南的试点罗塔病毒疫苗引入期间,住院儿童中胃肠炎病毒的流行率和特征
Chu Thi Ngoc Mai1, Le Thi Khanh Ly1, Yen Hai Doan2
1National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
Viruses
|November 25, 2023
概括
罗塔病毒疫苗显著减少了越南儿童的罗塔病毒感染. 然而,诺罗病毒和其他病毒性胃肠炎病例增加,突出显示需要持续的监测和控制策略.
科学领域:
- 病毒学和流行病学.
- 公共卫生和疫苗学
背景情况:
- 罗塔病毒 (RV),诺罗病毒 (NoV),萨波病毒 (SaV) 和人类天体病毒 (HAstV) 是全球儿童胃肠炎的主要原因.
- 越南推出了Rotavin-M1 RV疫苗,需要对其对儿童病毒性胃肠炎模式的影响进行评估.
研究的目的:
- 确定越南五岁以下住院儿童中RV,NoV,SaV和HAstV的流行率.
- 评估Rotavin-M1 RV疫苗引入对这些病毒病原体流行率的影响.
主要方法:
- 从2016年12月到2021年5月,在越南两个省份进行了一项横截面描述性研究.
- 从2317名5岁以下的儿童获得的急性腹样本使用ELISA对RV和多重实时RT-PCR对NoV,SaV和HAstV进行了分析.
- 将一年的疫苗接种前监测数据与疫苗接种后的数据进行比较.
主要成果:
- 接种疫苗后,单次RV感染的患病率显著下降,从41.6%降至22.7% (p < 0.0001).
- 单一NoV感染的患病率从8.8%增加了一倍以上,达到21.8% (p < 0.0001).
- SaV和HAstV的流行率略有增加,而病毒性共感染率则有所下降,主要是由于减少了VR共感染率.
结论:
- 引入RV疫苗导致越南儿童的轮状病毒胃肠炎大幅减少.
- 同时增加的诺罗病毒和其他病毒性胃肠炎需要持续监测和潜在的干预.
- 改变腹的病因模式需要持续的监测,以有效地管理剩余的疾病负担.
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