在苏格兰小学中神经发育差异和自闭症的患病率 2018-202222 苏格兰小学中神经发育差异和自闭症的患病率 2018-2022
Donald Maciver1, Marion Rutherford1, Lorna Johnston1
1School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland.
概括
神经发育差异在苏格兰小学很常见,影响了16.22%的学生. 自闭症的患病率显著增加,突出了对神经差异学习者的包容性教育策略的需求.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 神经发育需求对孩子的学习和发展有很大的影响.
- 了解这些需求的普遍性对于有效的教育支持至关重要.
- 以前的研究表明,人们对神经发育差异的认识和识别越来越多.
研究的目的:
- 调查苏格兰小学儿童中神经发育需求 (包括自闭症) 的流行情况.
- 在四年时间内分析神经发育差异和自闭症的流行趋势.
- 为了确定整个苏格兰的流行率的区域差异.
主要方法:
- 这是一项两阶段的研究,结合了对有额外支持需求的儿童的横截面调查和对全国学生普查数据的二次分析.
- 第一阶段调查了22所学校的688名儿童,以确定神经发育需求.
- 第二阶段使用了苏格兰政府年度学生普查数据 (2018-2022) 和建模来估计患病率.
主要成果:
- 在最初的调查中,76.89%的需要额外支持的儿童表现出神经发育差异的特征.
- 国家数据显示,自闭症患病率增加了31.98%,到2022年达到2.60%.
- 总体神经发育差异增加了10.57%,到2022年影响小学学生的16.22%,区域差异显著.
结论:
- 在苏格兰,很大一部分小学儿童有神经发育方面的差异.
- 在识别自闭症和更广泛的神经发育差异方面都有明显的上升趋势.
- 调查结果强调了在苏格兰小学采用神经发育知识为包容性教育的方法的必要性.
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