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用形光束计算机断层扫描和计算流体动力学评估睡眠呼吸暂停和没有睡眠暂停的患者的上呼吸道特征

Raj Desai^1,2, Jonathan Komperda³, Mohammed H Elnagar¹

¹Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Orthodontics & craniofacial research

|November 27, 2023

概括

健康的个体和患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 的人在上呼吸道体积和最小横截面积 (CSA) 中表现出显著的差异. 这些气道特征在非OSA受试者呼吸过程中发生变化.

科学领域:

解剖学和生理学的解剖学和生理学
医疗成像医学成像
计算流体动力学的流体动力学.

背景情况:

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (obstructive sleep apnea,OSA) 是一种常见的疾病,其特点是睡眠期间上呼吸道崩.
了解健康人与OSA患者之间上呼吸道的解剖学和空气动力学差异对于诊断和治疗至关重要.
圆束计算断层扫描 (CBCT) 和计算流体动力学 (CFD) 为研究这些差异提供了先进的工具.

研究的目的:

为了比较健康,低风险的非OSA受试者和OSA受试者之间的上呼吸道特征和呼吸过程中的压力变化.
利用CBCT成像和CFD模拟来分析这些差异.

主要方法:

从16名非OSA受试者获得了CBCT扫描,并与7名OSA受试者在吸入和呼出时的数据进行了比较.
上呼吸道被细分为3D模型进行体积和面积测量.
使用k-ω流模型进行CFD模拟,对实验对象模型进行分析流体动力学和压力分布.

主要成果:

在吸入和呼出过程中,在非OSA和OSA组之间发现了总体体积和最小横截面积 (CSA) 的统计学上显著差异.
在非OSA组中,在吸入和呼出之间也观察到体积和最小CSA的显著变化.
CFD模拟表明,OSA受试者的最低压力点与最大气道收缩区域一致.

结论:

在非OSA和OSA个体之间,上呼吸道存在显著的解剖学差异.
气道尺寸和压力动态随着呼吸而变化,特别是在健康人群中.
尽管数据有限,但CFD模拟通过将低压定位到OSA患者的狭窄气道区域来支持现有文献.

关键词:

空气通道的空气通道.计算流体动力学的流体动力学.计算机断层扫描 (CT) 是一种计算机断层扫描.圆光束圆光束圆光束阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (SOP) 的情况.

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