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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

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在基于绩效的评估中,隐式与明确的第一印象:当学习者的表现发生变化时,评估者会克服他们的第一印象吗?

Timothy J Wood1, Vijay J Daniels2, Debra Pugh3,4,5

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 850 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G-5Z3, Canada. twood@uottawa.ca.

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概括

第一印象不会显著地影响医生评分员对学习者表现的后续判断,即使是明确声明. 评级人员根据观察到的绩效变化有效地调整了他们的评价,而不考虑最初的印象.

关键词:
第一个印象是第一印象.评价者偏见是指评价者偏见.雷特尔认知 (Rater cognition) 是一种指标认知.基于Rater的评估.基于工作场所的评估

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科学领域:

  • 医学教育 医学教育
  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 绩效评估是指对绩效进行评估.

背景情况:

  • 第一印象可以影响判断,但它们对工作场所绩效评估中的评级者偏见的影响仍然不清楚.
  • 关于克服第一印象的先前研究通常涉及具有明确印象的实验设置,这可能不反映现实世界的隐含偏见.

研究的目的:

  • 为了确定当学习者在工作场所的表现发生变化时,最初的印象是否会影响医生评级者的判断.
  • 为了比较明确声明的第一印象与隐式形成的第一印象对后续评级的影响.

主要方法:

  • 医生评级人员观看了学习者表现一致或变化的视频 (强到弱,弱到强).
  • 一组 (明确) 在使用Mini-CEX得分之前进行了第一印象全球评级 (FIGR);另一个组 (隐含) 仅使用Mini-CEX.
  • 统计分析比较了FIGR和Mini-CEX全球评级 (GR) 在组内和组之间.

主要成果:

  • 在显式组中,FIGR在表现发生变化时与Mini-CEX GR显著不同 (强到弱:5.94对3.02;弱到强:2.44对3.96).
  • 在一致性能条件 (6.61对6.65) 中,FIGR和Mini-CEX GR之间没有发现显著差异.
  • 在所有条件中,在明确和隐含组之间没有观察到Mini-CEX GR的显著差异,这表明评级者调整了他们的判断.

结论:

  • 医生评价者成功地根据观察到的学习者表现调整了他们的判断,减轻了最初印象的影响.
  • 在这个工作场所的背景下,明确地说明第一印象并没有导致比隐性印象形成更大的评级者偏见.
  • 研究结果表明,评估人员在临床环境中评估绩效时可以克服最初的偏见.