受到城市扩张和气候变化影响的野生哺乳动物的载体传播疾病
Laura Shultz1, Andrés M López-Pérez2,3, Raina Jasuja1
1Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
EcoHealth
|November 28, 2023
概括
城市化景观改变了动物传播疾病的风险. 加利福尼亚州的中型哺乳动物表现出多样化的病原体暴露,在城市接口附近增加了Anaplasma phagocytophilum风险,突出了哨兵潜力.
科学领域:
- 兽医流行病学 兽医流行病学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 传染病的动态传染病的动态
背景情况:
- 气候和土地利用的变化正在改变动物传播媒介传播疾病的生态.
- 适应城市环境的哺乳动物可以作为对外寄生虫和影响人类和动物健康的病原体的储存库.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较加利福尼亚州农村到城市梯度中中型哺乳动物的关节动物传播疾病的模式.
- 为了识别病原体和评估宿主在各种景观中的暴露.
主要方法:
- 从中型哺乳动物 (子,大猩猩,狐,熊) 收集DNA和血清样本.
- 使用PCR和血清分析来检测病原体,包括Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Borrelia burgdorferi,Rickettsiae和Yersinia pestis.
- 分析了与宿主相关的跳和的病原体存在.
- 统计分析了风险因素,包括季节,息地界面和地理位置.
主要成果:
- 在1%-5%的子,大猩猩和圣若金狐中检测到的纳质细胞细胞的DNA.
- Borrelia burgdorferi 在一只大猩猩中发现;Rickettsiae 在两个沙漠狐中发现;Yersinia pestis 在两个大猩猩中发现.
- 血清学证据显示,Rickettsiae在14-37%和A.phagocytophilum在6-40%的各种哺乳动物物种中.
- 在一个Ctenocephalides felis跳中发现了Yersinia pestis;在Ct. felis和Pulex simulans跳中发现了Rickettsia felis和R. senegalensis.
- 一只 Dermacentor similis 的PCR检测结果为A. phagocytophilum阳性.
- 在秋季增加A. 胞菌的PCR阳性风险 (3x).
- 与城市/农村地区相比,与城市/农村地区相邻的宿主中A. 细胞菌的血清阳性增加了七倍.
- 在大洛杉矶地区发现了Rickettsiae的显著空间群.
结论:
- 中型哺乳动物在加利福尼亚州的农村到城市的梯度中存在各种动物性病原体.
- 城市和农村地区之间的息地接口是监测疾病风险转移的关键区域.
- 这些过渡区的动物可以作为新出现的公众和动物健康威胁的哨兵.
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