在生殖医学研究摘要中的统计学意义和出版报告偏差
Qian Feng1, Ben W Mol1,2, John P A Ioannidis3,4,5,6,7
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Human reproduction (Oxford, England)
|November 28, 2023
概括
在生殖医学摘要中报告P值和效果指标的数量正在增加,大多数研究显示了统计学上显著的发现. 然而,出版偏见仍然是一个问题,可能会影响临床决策.
科学领域:
- 生殖医学 生殖医学
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
- 科学出版科学出版
背景情况:
- 发表偏见,以选择性报告积极发现为特征,可以扭曲证据评估并对患者健康结果产生负面影响.
- 尽管努力减轻偏见,但随着时间的推移,报告规模和模式的变化仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查P值和效果测量报告在生殖医学摘要中的频率和时间趋势,从1990-2022年.
- 分析报告的P值的分布和在研究中呈现统计推理的统计学显著结果的比例.
主要方法:
- 分析了1990年至2022年间发表在高影响力期刊上的24,907份生殖医学研究摘要.
- 自动化文本挖掘以提取P值,置信区间 (CI),效果大小指标和具有统计意义的文本指标.
主要成果:
- 报告统计推论的摘要比例增加,而仅报告P值的摘要比例保持稳定. 报告效果指标,单独或与P值一起,显著增加.
- P值通常聚集在截止值 (0.001,0.01,0.05) 周围. 大多数 (77%) 有统计推断的摘要报告了至少一个重要的发现.
- 只有在随机对照试验 (RCT) 中才观察到统计学显著发现的下降.
结论:
- 一个积极的趋势显示,生殖医学摘要中对效果测量的报告增加,特别是在元分析和RCT中.
- 出版报告偏差仍然是一个重大问题,可能导致膨胀的估计和有缺陷的临床建议.
- 摘要中的选择性报告可能会损害缩短的研究信息的公正性.
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