动物DNA甲基化的进化复杂性:从可塑性到遗传进化
Clare J Venney1, Dafni Anastasiadi2, Maren Wellenreuther2,3
1Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
Genome biology and evolution
|November 28, 2023
概括
DNA甲基化通过使快速适应和稳定的表型进化,影响进化动态. 这种表观遗传机制弥合了短期的可塑性和长期的基因组变化,影响了生物的适应.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- DNA甲基化在环境反应和进化中的作用正在获得认可.
- 表观遗传机制,如DNA甲基化,提供了快速适应的潜力.
- 了解表观遗传学和遗传学之间的相互作用对于进化研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为DNA甲基化在整个进化时间尺度中的不同作用提供视角.
- 探索从适应到基因组进化的表观遗传反应的连续性.
- 突出研究表观遗传可塑性演变的关键考虑因素.
主要方法:
- 这是一个视角的作品,综合了现有的研究和理论框架.
- 它涉及分析DNA甲基化对进化过程的影响的频谱.
- 该研究讨论了理论情景和潜在的研究方向.
主要成果:
- 基因甲基化促进了短期的适应,并可能导致稳定的表型进化.
- 它与遗传变异有复杂的关系,影响了可塑性和突变发生.
- 表观遗传变化可以在长时间内融入基因组.
结论:
- DNA甲基化有助于各种时间尺度的进化,从适应到基因组进化.
- 需要进一步的研究来澄清塑性驱动进化结果的条件.
- 研究表观遗传可塑性需要仔细考虑进化场景,成本和收益.
更多相关视频
13:47Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing for Assessment of DNA Methylation at Base Pair Resolution
Published on: February 24, 2015
25.6K
07:50Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
Published on: August 29, 2018
9.0K
相关概念视频
01:37Epigenetic Regulation
3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
3.0K
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.3K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.3K
02:32Position-effect Variegation
6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
34.6K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
34.6K
02:59Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.6K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.6K
02:51Multi-species Conserved Sequences
3.9K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
3.9K