一遍又一遍:未能识别和支持患有多动症的女性 - 瑞典人口登记册研究
Charlotte Skoglund1, Inger Sundström Poromaa2, Daniel Leksell3
1Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
|November 28, 2023
概括
患有注意力缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 的女性比男性晚约四年被诊断和治疗. 他们经历了更大的精神病并发症和医疗保健使用,强调了对女性多动症的早期诊断和干预的需要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一种精神病学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 与终身风险和负面健康结果有关.
- 患有ADHD的年轻女性经常面临延迟诊断和由于转诊和诊断延迟而缺乏足够的支持.
研究的目的:
- 与男性相比,调查女性对ADHD的诊断年龄和治疗开始的年龄.
- 检查与男性和女性对照对象相比,患有多动症的女性的精神病并发症,药物使用和医疗保健利用情况.
主要方法:
- 一项基于人口的横截面队列研究包括85,330名ADHD患者和斯德哥尔摩县的426,626名匹配对照.
- 数据跨越2011年1月至2021年12月,利用医疗记录来定义ADHD指数 (诊断或药物).
- 结果包括ADHD指数时的年龄,精神病并发症,药物治疗和ADHD指数前后的医疗利用.
主要成果:
- 女性在较早的年龄 (23.5岁) 被诊断出比男性 (19.6岁),差距约为4年.
- 与ADHD的男性和女性对照相比,患有ADHD的女性表现出更高的精神病并发症率,药物使用率和医疗保健利用率.
- 这些差异在ADHD指数日期之前和之后都被观察到.
结论:
- 与男性相比,患有ADHD的女性在诊断和治疗开始方面经历了显著的延迟.
- 他们承受着更高的精神伴随性疾病负担,并且更频繁地使用医疗保健服务.
- 早期诊断和治疗策略对于减轻ADHD女性的痛苦和社会成本至关重要.
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