异质的环境政策和就业:来自中国的证据
1School of Economics, Nanjing Audit University, No. 86 West Yushan Rd, Pukou District, Nanjing, China.
Environmental science and pollution research international
|November 28, 2023
概括
中国多元化的环境政策产生了不同的劳动力市场效应. 命令和控制政策显示出混合的就业影响,而经济激励和自愿协议在不同地区对就业需求的影响不同.
科学领域:
- 环境经济学环境经济学
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 公共政策分析 公共政策分析
背景情况:
- 中国的快速经济发展伴随着环境政策的重大变化.
- 了解这些环境政策对劳动力市场的影响对于可持续发展至关重要.
- 之前的研究还没有完全区分不同类型的环境法规对就业的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查中国环境政策对劳动力市场的影响差异.
- 分类和分析指挥和控制政策,经济激励政策和自愿环境协议 (VEA).
- 探索这些影响的区域异质性.
主要方法:
- 利用2000-2015年省级小组数据进行实证估计.
- 将环境法规分为指挥和控制,经济激励和VEA.
- 使用计量经济学模型来评估法规对就业的影响.
主要成果:
- 命令和控制政策表现出多种效应:"三个同时性"减少了就业,而"截止日期治理系统"增加了就业.
- 经济激励政策显示出不同的结果:环境税减少了就业,但研究资金增加了就业.
- 发现自愿环境协议 (VEA) 减少了劳动力需求.
- 经济激励政策对中国中部和西部的就业有很大影响,但在中国东部却没有,这凸显了地区差异.
结论:
- 环境法规对中国的劳动力市场产生异质影响,因政策类型和地区而异.
- 环境政策的有效性和就业影响受区域经济发展的影响.
- 政策设计和实施需要考虑这些细微的影响,以获得平衡的经济和环境结果.
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