从牙到子:牙损失和鱼的质结构的发展
Lionel Hautier1,2, Helder Gomes Rodrigues3, Sérgio Ferreira-Cardoso1
1Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France.
Proceedings. Biological sciences
|November 29, 2023
概括
塞雷尼亚人进化了没有牙的养适应,斯特勒的海牛是一个独特的案例. 形态和基因组分析显示,即使没有牙,牙的发育也会持续下去,神经会转向化片.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学.
背景情况:
- 锡林人表现出对浅水牧场的显著形态适应,包括修改的养装置和面腔结构.
- 前牙减少和质化的进化是关键的适应,但它们的发育起源仍然不清楚.
- 斯泰勒海牛是一种已灭绝的海动物,以其完全的牙 (缺乏牙) 而闻名.
研究的目的:
- 调查运动传感器系统的反应,特别是牙内化,以适应诸如质化片和持续牙置换等适应.
- 分析鱼牙损失的遗传特征,重点关注与牙缩小相关的基因.
- 了解牙内尔化的进化轨迹及其在角质化养结构的发展中的作用.
主要方法:
- 用微型计算机断层扫描 (μ-CT) 扫描鱼头骨来检查内化模式.
- 人类遗传学分析被用来追踪牙内置的进化历史.
- 对与牙缩小相关的9个基因进行了基因组调查,以确定功能丧失突变.
主要成果:
- 鱼的内化模式因牙配方的变化而发生变化,特别明显的是鱼的连续牙置换.
- 形态和基因组数据表明,在没有牙的斯特勒海母牛中,牙的发育并没有完全消失.
- 这项研究表明,发育过程促进了角质化的内化,为这些结构重新利用牙通道.
结论:
- 鱼养适应的进化涉及修改和重新利用最初与牙相关的神经通路.
- 雪鱼的质化是内化结构,表明了发育性可塑性,允许现有系统适应新功能.
- 即使没有牙,牙形成的基因和发育机制也可能被保留,如斯泰勒海母牛所见.
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