证据表明,高度道化的胎儿特征对母亲发育营养的代际影响敏感
Haley B Ragsdale1, Nanette R Lee2, Christopher W Kuzawa1,3
1Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
American journal of biological anthropology
|November 29, 2023
概括
怀孕前母亲的生长模式显著影响后代的胎儿生长,特别是女性,独立于葡萄糖水平. 这些发育影响凸显了早期营养对长期健康轨迹的重要性.
科学领域:
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
- 人类的生长和营养.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 母亲怀孕前的经历会影响分娩结果,这是未来健康的关键指标.
- 这些产前影响的精确时间和机制仍然不完全理解.
- 了解这些途径对于公共卫生干预和生命史研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查这样的假设,即母亲的成人前生长模式预测了怀孕中的葡萄糖和后代的胎儿生长.
- 检查不同生命阶段母亲体重增加对出生结果的作用.
- 为了确定妊娠时的葡萄糖是否调解了母亲生长和胎儿发育之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 使用多重回归和路径分析对塞布纵向健康和营养调查的数据.
- 分析了经妊娠年龄调整的出生体重和条件体重,反映了从婴儿期到青春期的母亲成长.
- 评估预测妊娠血红蛋白A1c (HbA1c) 和后代出生结果.
主要成果:
- 母婴早期/中期体重增加预测了雌性后代的出生体重,长度和头部周长.
- 童年后期/青少年体重增加预测出生的长度,出生体重,皮厚度和女性后代的头部周长,以及男性后代的头部周长.
- 怀孕 HbA1c 并没有调解母亲生长模式和后代出生大小之间的关联.
结论:
- 在整个成人前期,母亲的生长模式预测胎儿的生长,而这种生长方式与循环中的葡萄糖水平无关.
- 这些影响在雌性后代中更为明显,这表明发育营养起着重要作用.
- 这些发现支持稳定,长期营养线索对发育轨迹的影响,并对生命史理论产生影响.
相关概念视频
01:20Gene-Environment Interactions
328
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
328
01:07Teratogenicity
2.5K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
2.5K
01:10Nature and Nurture
20.5K
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
20.5K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
34.6K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
34.6K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K