在海洋多基多多多多多的线粒体基因组ORFans
Maria Selifanova1, Oleg Demianchenko1, Elizaveta Noskova1
1Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Genome biology and evolution
|November 29, 2023
概括
研究人员发现了新的蛋白质编码区域,称为"ORFans",在多基质虫Polydora的线粒体DNA中. 状动物. 状动物. 这些ORF似乎编码功能性蛋白质,挑战典型的甲基动物线粒体基因组结构.
科学领域:
- 线粒体基因组学的基因组学
- 无脊椎动物的进化过程
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 甲类线粒体基因组通常编码氧化酸化,rRNA和tRNA的必需蛋白质.
- 一些无脊椎动物种群在他们的线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 中表现出不寻常的开放读取框架 (ORF).
- 波利多拉 cf. 波利多拉 虫,一个多叶虫虫,有一个生命周期,涉及低氧条件.
研究的目的:
- 为了测序和分析Polydora的线粒体基因组,参见. 状动物. 状动物.
- 调查其线粒基因组中发现的新型ORF的性质和潜在功能.
- 为了比较线粒基因组组织,并在相关物种中识别ORF.
主要方法:
- 线粒体基因组测序和Polydora的分析 cf. 状动物. 状动物.
- 对ORFan区域的生物信息分析,包括选择压力和子适应指数 (CAI) 评估.
- 线粒体转录组分析以确定ORFan区域的转录.
主要成果:
- 在P. cf.中确定了三个新的ORFan区域 (544,1,060和427bp). 状动物的线粒基因组,缺乏对已知的甲状动物mtDNA基因的同质性,但没有停止.
- 在其他三种Polydora物种和Bocardiella hamata中发现了类似的ORFan区域,这些物种与其他Spionidae相比具有不同的基因顺序.
- ORFan序列正在进行净化选择,具有保存区域,并表现出与常规线粒体基因相比的编码子适应指数; ORFan-544,ORFan-427和ORFan-1060的一部分的转录得到确认.
结论:
- 在Polydora/Bocardiella物种中,ORFan区域可能编码功能性蛋白质,扩大已知的甲状动物线粒体基因库.
- 这些ORF的起源可能与Polydora/Bocardiella血统与其他Spionidae的分歧有关,这与显著的基因重组和tRNA-Met重复相吻合.
- 这一发现突显了某些无脊椎动物系中线粒体基因组进化的动态性质.
相关概念视频
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.6K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.6K
Structure of Porins
3.0K
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel...
3.0K
Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane
3.0K
Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
3.0K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes
3.7K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.7K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes
12.5K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
12.5K
Non-nuclear Inheritance
21.5K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
21.5K


