加纳一家教学医院的多药耐药结核病预测因素:一个病例控制研究
Philomina Afful1,2, Godwin Adjei Vechey1, Peter Kipo Leta3
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe Campus, Hohoe, Ghana.
PloS one
|November 29, 2023
概括
耐多药结核病 (MDR-TB) 是一个持续的全球威胁. 加纳的关键预测因素包括BCG疫苗接种情况,医疗保健距离,住房条件和初始寻求健康的行为.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 耐多药结核病 (MDR-TB) 是一个重大的全球卫生挑战,其特点是治疗时间长,并给患者及其家人带来巨大的经济负担.
- 尽管加纳国家结核病控制计划 (NTP) 努力,但MDR-TB仍然是该国的一个关键问题.
研究的目的:
- 在加纳的开普海岸教学医院确定与多药耐药结核病 (MDR-TB) 相关的关键预测因素.
- 通过了解其多方面的决定因素,为MDR-TB控制提供有针对性的干预信息.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项无与伦比的病例控制研究,分析了2018年1月至2020年12月期间注册的37例MDR-TB病例和111例控制病例的数据.
- 数据收集涉及电话调查,面对面采访和记录审查,使用结构化问卷进行分析,并使用Stata 16.0.0进行分析.
- 统计分析包括奇平方测试和多重逻辑回归,在95%的置信区间和p值<0.05时确定显著性.
主要成果:
- 该研究发现,MDR-TB预测因素包括BCG疫苗接种状态 (AOR = 0.17),到医疗机构的距离较长 (AOR = 4.11),住所房间较少 (AOR = 0.37) 和首先在非医疗机构寻求护理 (AOR = 4.22).
- 在MDR-TB病例 (54.1%) 和对照病例 (29.7%) 中,很大一部分居住在单室住宅中.
- 在这两组中,大多数参与者年龄在30岁及以上.
结论:
- 在加纳的环境中,MDR-TB的预测因素是多样化的,包括社会人口统计因素,寻求健康的行为和社会决定因素.
- 有效的MDR-TB控制策略必须解决这些各种因素,包括疫苗接种,获得医疗保健,生活条件和初始患者途径.
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