在瘤微环境中的NK细胞耗尽
Hao Jia1, Hongmei Yang1, Huaxing Xiong1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
Frontiers in immunology
|November 29, 2023
概括
自然杀手 (NK) 细胞对于癌症控制至关重要,但在瘤微环境 (TME) 中会耗尽. 本综述探讨NK细胞耗尽机制和恢复其抗瘤功能的治疗策略.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 癌症生物学 癌症生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 自然杀手 (NK) 细胞对于免疫监测至关重要,通过细胞毒性颗粒和死亡受体消除突变细胞.
- 在瘤微环境 (TME) 中,NK细胞功能经常受到损害,导致癌症免疫逃避.
- 了解TME中的NK细胞耗尽对于开发有效的癌症免疫疗法至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查NK细胞的基本特性,包括成熟,局部化,稳态和细胞毒性.
- 总结推动TME内NK细胞耗尽的关键机制.
- 讨论旨在逆转NK细胞枯竭和增强抗瘤免疫力的新兴治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 对TME中NK细胞生物学和功能的当前研究的文献综述.
- 分析导致NK细胞耗尽的机制,包括信号通路,瘤衍生因素,免疫抑制细胞和代谢变化.
- 针对NK细胞耗尽的治疗干预措施的概述.
主要成果:
- 在TME中NK细胞的耗尽是由于涉及失调信号,免疫抑制因素和代谢变化的复杂相互作用造成的.
- 在TME中的多个因素导致NK细胞免疫监测能力受损.
- 目前正在开发治疗策略,以使耗尽的NK细胞恢复青春,并增强抗癌免疫反应.
结论:
- NK细胞的耗尽是有效的癌症免疫疗法的重要障碍.
- 准NK细胞枯竭的机制有望改善癌症治疗结果.
- 对NK细胞生物学和TME相互作用的进一步研究对于推进癌症免疫治疗至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:17The Tumor Microenvironment
6.6K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
6.6K
02:53Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
5.8K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.8K
02:40Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance
4.9K
Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
4.9K
01:28Cells of the Innate Immune Response
1.7K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
1.7K
01:27Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
923
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
923
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.3K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.3K