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相对年龄影响,人格结构和足球成绩水平之间的关系
Sofie Bolckmans1, Kris Perquy2, Janet L Starkes3
1Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|November 29, 2023
概括
青少年足球中的出生日期偏差,称为相对年龄效应 (RAE),使年轻球员处于不利地位. 然而,这些年轻的运动员往往会发展出卓越的心理技能,并取得更长期的职业成功.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人才识别 人才识别
- 青年发展 青年发展
背景情况:
- 由于相对年龄效应 (RAE),青少年足球学院在人才选择方面面临挑战.
- 心理特征对于职业足球转型至关重要,但RAE可能不利于年轻的,可能更有弹性的球员.
- 早期成熟的球员通常在选拔中具有优势,这可能导致失去具有强烈心理特征的有才华的年轻球员.
研究的目的:
- 研究精英青年足球运动员的RAE和人格结构之间的关系.
- 根据RAE,确定改善人才选择和机会平等的因素.
- 检查RAE对职业足球长期职业发展的影响.
主要方法:
- 对151名精英青年足球运动员 (年龄15-18岁) 的回顾性观察研究.
- 玩家按出生四分位数分组,以评估RAE.
- 通过观察,采访和自我评估问卷评估人格构造;长期职业发展在8年内跟踪.
主要成果:
- 观察到显著的RAE (38.4%在Q1vs13.9%在Q4),年轻的球员表现出更高的自信和老年球员更高的团队取向.
- 年轻球员 (最早四分之一) 与老年球员 (46.6%) 相比,签署职业合同的比例更高 (76.2%).
- 总体人格分数较高的球员更有可能成为职业足球运动员.
结论:
- 这项研究为RAE提供了进一步的证据,并支持了"弱者假设",这表明年轻的球员可能会用心理优势来弥补身体缺点.
- 年轻球员表现出更好的长期职业前景,可能是由于发展了心理技能和技术专业知识.
- 强调需要在青年足球人才发展和选拔中更加意识到人格结构,以确保公平的机会.
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