对处理野生肉和动物传染病之间的联系进行系统地映射审查
Luke Tumelty1, Julia E Fa1,2, Lauren Coad1,3
1Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor 16115, Indonesia.
One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|November 29, 2023
概括
狩猎和食用野生动物可能会导致动物传染病的传播. 本次综述对野生肉类处理和动物传播风险的文献进行了绘制,确定了43种病原体和16种缓解行为,强调需要更广泛的理解.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
背景情况:
- 野生动物的狩猎,贸易和消费,通过促进人类与动物传染病原体的接触,造成重大公共卫生风险.
- 了解动物传播疾病从野生动物传播到人类的传播途径对于预防大流行至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地绘制野生肉类处理和动物传播疾病的现有文献.
- 识别与野生动物消费相关的已报告的动物性传染病原体和人类健康风险.
- 审查记录的卫生和卫生行为,以减轻传播风险.
主要方法:
- 系统地绘制1996年至2022年间发表的文章的文献映射.
- 利用Web of Science和谷歌搜索引擎进行数据检索.
- 选择了253篇文章进行审查,其中51篇提供了特定的传播风险数据.
主要成果:
- 确定了43种与野生动物消费相关的潜在动物传染病原体 (17种细菌,15种病毒,11种寄生虫).
- 记录了16种卫生和卫生行为,其中疾病监测是最常见的.
- 指出,疾病监测研究主要来自欧洲,热带地区的研究较少.
结论:
- 野生动物的处理和消费对动物传染病原体的传播构成重大威胁.
- 迫切需要加强对缓解行为的理解和实施,以最大限度地降低公共卫生风险.
- 需要进一步的研究和监测,特别是在热带地区,以应对野生动物相关的动物性疾病的全球挑战.
相关概念视频
01:29Sources of Food Contamination
Contamination of food by microbial agents and natural toxins poses significant risks to public health. These hazards can be introduced at various points across the food supply chain, ranging from environmental sources to processing and storage stages. Understanding these contamination pathways is critical for developing strategies to ensure food safety.Seafood is particularly vulnerable to contamination through both environmental exposure and microbial colonization. Toxins from harmful algal...
01:30Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a science-based, preventive system used globally to ensure food safety by identifying, evaluating, and controlling biological, chemical, and physical hazards throughout food production. Originally developed by NASA and the Pillsbury Company for astronaut food, HACCP is now a core component of the Codex Alimentarius.HACCP operates on prerequisite programs—such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), sanitation procedures, and supplier...
01:30Reservoir of Infection
Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
01:23Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
01:28Rabies
Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
01:28Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...