太阳能发电场在全球气候变化缓解战略中大大超过了植树效率
Rafael Stern1, Jonathan D Muller1, Eyal Rotenberg1
1Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
PNAS nexus
|November 29, 2023
概括
光伏 (PV) 能源提供了一个更快的气候变化减缓 (CCM) 收支平衡时间 (BET) ~2.5年,相比于干地植树,这需要50倍以上的时间. 这两种策略都至关重要,但光伏在碳减排和速度方面表现出色.
科学领域:
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 可再生能源可再生能源是可再生能源.
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 补充气候变化缓解 (CCM) 战略包括光伏 (PV) 能源用于碳排放抑制和植树以捕获碳.
- 由于光伏场和植树造成的表面反射率降低 (白色效应) 的变暖影响,有效的CCM需要量化平衡时间 (BET).
研究的目的:
- 量化光伏场和森林植被的CCM潜力.
- 为了比较光伏和森林植被的BET,考虑到白色变化效应,生命周期分析 (LCA) 和跨气候区的土地面积要求,重点关注干旱地区.
主要方法:
- 太阳能发电场和森林植被的量化CCM潜力.
- 纳入了大气碳减排,太阳能电池板LCA,表面能量平衡和土地面积要求.
- 集中分析干旱地区作为以森林为基础的CCM的主要土地储备.
主要成果:
- 太阳能发电场的BET约为2.5年,比干旱地区的植树更快 (>50倍长).
- 与植树相比,光伏在减轻大气中的碳排放效率大约是植树的100倍.
- 尽管植树带来了当地降温的好处,但光伏提供了更快的辐射强迫平衡,特别是在干旱地区.
结论:
- 从辐射强迫的角度来看,光伏能源提供了一个更快,更有效的气候变化缓解战略,特别是在干旱地区.
- 虽然光伏在BET和碳减排效率方面具有优势,但植树提供了必要的生态系统服务和局部冷却.
- 建议采用针对特定气候区的光伏和植树的综合方法来实现全面的CCM.
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