猎物上显著的条纹吸引了人们的注意,并减少了搜索食物的跳跳蜘蛛的攻击
Lauren Gawel1, Erin C Powell1,2, Michelle Brock1
1Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Royal Society open science
|November 29, 2023
概括
掠夺性跳跳蜘蛛更关注条纹的猎物,但攻击它们的次数较少,这表明条纹信号危险. 这表明捕食者对警告模式的天生的厌恶,有助于猎物的生存.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 捕食者和猎物的动力学
背景情况:
- 异性质,危险猎物的警告信号,经常使用高对比度的图案,如条纹.
- 了解捕食者决策对于破译复杂防御的有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究视觉捕食者 (跳跳蜘蛛) 如何响应复杂的模式.
- 为了确定条纹图案是否引起跳跳蜘蛛的注意和/或厌恶.
主要方法:
- 选择测试使用两种跳跃蜘蛛,Phidippus regius和Habronattus trimaculatus进行.
- 活着的白呈现了经过操纵的背部图案:纯白色,纯黑色或条纹.
- 捕食者的注意力和攻击率被记录和分析.
主要成果:
- *Phidippus regius* 蜘蛛对黑色和条纹白的注意力增加.
- 尽管关注度更高,但条纹白被攻击的频率低于固体白或黑.
- 在 *Habronattus trimaculatus* 中的定性趋势表明类似的模式厌恶,尽管在统计学上并不显著.
结论:
- 背景对比吸引了捕食者的注意力,而内部的条纹图案可能是危险的信号,减少了攻击.
- 有证据表明,跳跳蜘蛛中有一种天生的条纹厌恶成分.
- 跳跳蜘蛛可以作为一个有价值的模型来研究复合体的进化和功能.
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