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Kazutaka Mukai1, Hajime Ohmura1, Yuji Takahashi1
1Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan.
与中等强度持续运动 (MICT) 相比,高强度间歇运动 (HIIT) 和冲刺间歇运动 (SIT) 在马中会导致更大的生理压力,包括低氧化和乳酸性酸性疾病. HIIT和SIT还激活了关键的肌肉信号通路以适应.
科学领域:
- 马的运动生理学
- 骨肌肉对运动的反应
- 高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 是指高强度的间歇训练.
- 冲刺间隔训练 (SIT) 是指冲刺间隔训练.
背景情况:
- 了解不同强度运动对生理和骨肌肉反应的理解,对于优化马匹的训练方案至关重要.
- 之前的研究已经探索了各种炼方案,但需要直接比较纯种马的高强度间歇炼 (HIIT),冲刺间歇炼 (SIT) 和中等强度连续炼 (MICT).
研究的目的:
- 为了研究和比较纯血统马的生理和骨肌肉反应对三个不同的跑步机炼方案:中等强度连续炼 (MICT),高强度间歇炼 (HIIT) 和冲刺间歇炼 (SIT).
主要方法:
- 一个随机的交叉设计,涉及八匹训练有素的纯血统马.
- 三种运动方案:MICT (6分钟在70%的VO2max),HIIT (6 × 30秒在100%的VO2max) 和SIT (6 × 15秒在120%的VO2max).
- 测量包括动脉血液气体,血乳酸和质中间肌肉活检,分析生物化学标记物,西部斑点和基因表达 (AMPK,PGC-1α,VEGF).
主要成果:
- 与MICT相比,HIIT和SIT引起了显著更高的心率和血乳酸度.
- 在HIIT和SIT中,动脉氧和值和pH值较低,表明生理压力更大.
- 在HIIT和SIT中,肌肉糖原在运动后显著下降,而HIIT显示AMPK酸化增加. 无论是HIIT还是SIT都在运动后调节了PGC-1α和VEGF mRNA.
结论:
- 尽管跑步距离相同,但HIIT和SIT会比MICT更严重地诱导马的低氧化和乳酸化.
- HIIT和SIT激活了与线粒体生物生成和血管生成 (PGC-1α,VEGF) 相关的信号通路,HIIT还激活了AMPK通路,这表明与MICT相比,适应潜力更大.
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