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相关概念视频

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

218
Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
218
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
303
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

3.1K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
3.1K
Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

3.1K
Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of...
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Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

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2.8K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
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Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview01:19

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Phase I biotransformation, or functionalization, is a crucial chemical process that converts drugs and other xenobiotics into more water-soluble forms, facilitating expulsion from the body. It involves oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic reactions that add or unveil polar functional groups on lipophilic substrates. Key players in phase I reactions are the mixed-function oxidases. Situated in liver cell microsomes, these enzymes predominantly carry out drug metabolism. They require molecular...
278

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Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
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新功能化的氧和提亚.

M John Plater1, William T A Harrison1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

ACS omega
|November 29, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员使用丁二衍生物合成了新型的氧和氧化合物. 探索了核友移位反应,揭示了对这些异环系统的反应性和结构性质的见解.

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科学领域:

  • 有机化学 有机化学
  • 异环化学 异环化学
  • 药用化学 医学化学

背景情况:

  • 氧和提亚支架在制药和材料科学中很普遍.
  • 了解它们的合成和反应性对于开发新的功能分子至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了合成新型的2,3-dinitrophenoxazine和2,3-dinitrophenothiazine衍生物.
  • 研究这些化合物的核友芳香替代反应.
  • 为了比较合成分子的二面角和结构特征.

主要方法:

  • 2-氨基或2-(N-甲基) 与1,2-二-4,5-丁二和乙醇中的碳酸的反应.
  • 使用丁胺,乙氧化和氧化进行基组的核友移位.
  • 2-aminothiophenol与1,2-difluoro-4,5-dinitrobenzene的反应. 这两种反应的作用是什么?
  • 结构分析包括对二面角的比较.

主要成果:

  • 成功合成了2,3 - - 丁烯酸和2,3 - - 丁烯酸.
  • 在2,3-dinitro-10-methylphenoxazine中证明了一个基的区域选择性核友移位.
  • 通过与丁胺的反应合成了2-丁胺-3-尼托芬诺提亚.
  • 在合成的异环化合物中观察并比较了不同的二面角.

结论:

  • 开发了高效的合成路径,以获得新型的氧和氨酸衍生物.
  • 确立了核芳香替代在dinitrophenoxazine系统上的可行性.
  • 为合成的化合物提供了比较的结构数据,包括二面角.