机器学习在痴呆症诊断中的应用:一个系统的文献审查
Gauhar Kantayeva1, José Lima1, Ana I Pereira1
1Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Politecnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
Heliyon
|November 29, 2023
概括
机器学习对早期痴呆症检测有希望,最近的研究重点是MRI和人口统计数据. 需要进一步的研究来探索新的方法,并提高对阿尔茨海默氏症等疾病的预测准确度.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 痴呆症影响全球超过5500万,每年有1000万新病例,需要早期诊断以进行患者规划.
- 机器学习 (ML) 为早期发现和预测痴呆提供了先进的解决方案.
- 这项研究回顾了ML在痴呆症预测中的应用的科学前景.
研究的目的:
- 在科学文献中评估ML在痴呆症预测中的当前相关性.
- 确定基于ML的痴呆症预测中的开放研究问题和未来方向.
- 探索常用于痴呆症识别和预测的方法和特征.
主要方法:
- 一个20年的文献综述,使用Scopus数据库文章的文献计量和内容分析.
- 论文的识别和排除,其中202篇被选择,25篇被详细分析.
- 专注于使用机器学习用于痴呆症诊断和预测的研究.
主要成果:
- 在过去五年中,对痴呆症ML的研究兴趣显著增加,这表明一个相关和活跃的领域.
- 磁共振成像 (MRI) 和人口统计数据 (年龄,性别,MMSE) 是主要使用的特征.
- 支持矢量机器 (SVM),集体方法和卷积神经网络 (CNN) 是首选的ML算法,通常是组合使用的.
- 阿尔茨海默病的分类比轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 的预测更为常见.
结论:
- 机器学习是痴呆症预测的相关和不断发展的领域,目前正在进行研究和开放的问题.
- 未来的研究应该探索新的ML方法和特征集,以提高预测准确度.
- 结合ML技术和利用多种数据源,可以显著改善痴呆症诊断.
相关概念视频
Dementia
115
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
115
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
494
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
494
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment
195
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
195


