通过 [4 + 1] 无效双C-H功能化从N,N-dialkylanilines中合成N-alkylindoles
Bowen Zhang1, Frederik R Erb1, Aristidis Vasilopoulos2
1Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.
这项研究引入了一种新型的C-H功能化方法,用于合成N-. N,N-dialkylanilines的高效双重取消为创建复杂的内支架提供了一个简单的途径.
科学领域:
- 有机化学
- 合成化学
- 医学化学
背景情况:
- 对于合成和药物化学而言,能有效合成醇衍生物至关重要.
- 现有的方法通常需要复杂的起始材料或多个步骤.
- 需要构建N-和多环异环的新型策略.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种C-H功能化方法来合成N-alkylindoles.
- 为了使从简单的N,N-dialkylaniline构建块中构建英多尔.
- 提供一个精简的方法来实现内部支架的后期功能化 (LSF).
主要方法:
- 一个双重的,选择性C(sp3) -H/C(sp2) -H [4 + 1]取消反应.
- 使用N,N-dialkylanilines作为易于获得的原料.
- 采用调节的N-tBu氨基基用于选择性原子转移和硫二联接伙伴.
主要成果:
- 在 (异质) 芳香核心上实现高度选择性同解芳香替代.
- 通过轻微的脱碳化,将碳素等价物引入N,N-二甲基兰林基架.
- 在温和的条件下直接接触N-基.
结论:
- 开发的C-H功能化协议提供了一个有效的N-alkylindoles路径.
- 该方法的位点选择性和温和条件适合晚期功能化.
- 这一战略简化了用于化学应用的有价值的醇衍生物的合成.
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相关概念视频
Cyclohexenones via Michael Addition and Aldol Condensation: The Robinson Annulation
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
