长期生物对美国华盛顿州野火的反应
Heather T Root1, Julian Chan2, Jeanne Ponzetti3
1Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, 84401, USA.
American journal of botany
|November 30, 2023
概括
异国情调的一年草,而不是野火,在美国西部干旱地区显著减少了生物. 侵袭性草比本地集群草更有竞争力,导致生物地在20年内下降.
科学领域:
- 生态科学 生态科学
- 干旱地区生态系统的动态.
- 侵入性物种研究研究 侵入性物种研究
背景情况:
- 干旱地区的生态系统面临着复杂的压力,包括入侵物种,野火,放牧和气候变化.
- 生物土壤地 (生物地) 对于干旱地区的健康至关重要,对环境变化敏感.
- 区分这些不同压力对生物的影响是具有挑战性的.
研究的目的:
- 调查异国情调的每年草侵袭和野火对美国干地生态系统中的生物的明显影响.
- 分析1999年至2020年间多年生杂草,异国一年生草和生物的变化.
- 确定野火,侵入性草和生物覆盖之间的直接和间接因果关系.
主要方法:
- 在2020年重新访问之前采样的华盛顿,美国网站 (1999年) 进行生物评估.
- 使用贝叶斯定向非循环图 (DAG) 来建模因果影响.
- 通过比较21年的植被和生物覆盖变化,在有和没有野火的地块上,不包括牲畜放牧.
主要成果:
- 在1999年至2020年期间,异国情调的年草覆盖面显著增加 (16-18%),而本地束草覆盖面下降 (21-25%),生物覆盖面下降 (9-10%).
- 该DAG表示,减少束草覆盖面促进了异国情调的年草扩张,这反过来又对生物覆盖面产生了负面影响.
- 野火没有直接影响群草,异国一年生草或生物覆盖的变化.
结论:
- 生物地社区的变化更强烈地受到异国情调的一年草的扩散而不是野火的影响.
- 这些发现表明,野火对其他地方观察到的生物的负面影响可能会被牲畜放牧或其他干扰所放大.
- 进一步的研究应考虑其他因素,如土壤干扰,气候变化和空气质量,以全面了解生物层动态.
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