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在17个出生队伍中,量化北方海象在两个殖民地之间的分散

Richard Condit¹, Brian Hatfield², Patricia A Morris³

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America.

|November 30, 2023

概括

北方海象海表现出高和一致的出生分散,平均有16%的雌性在殖民地之间移动. 这种显著的分散率影响了人口动态和重新殖民的努力.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
人口生物学人口生物学
保护生物学保护生物学

背景情况:

扩散对于变种动态和物种恢复至关重要,但在长时间内很少得到量化.
北方海象 (Mirounga angustirostris) 在接近灭绝后重新殖民了他们的范围,但它们的分散模式仍然未得到量化.

研究的目的:

量化生命周期分散事件和估计北方海象的双向分散率.
检查多年来分散的一致性及其与人口密度的关系.

主要方法:

在Piedras Blancas和Año Nuevo殖民地的标记小狗从1994年到2010年.
计数一生分散事件,并对检测偏差进行校正,以估计分散率.

主要成果:

平均16%的雌性从皮埃德拉斯·布兰卡斯向北分散到阿诺·纽沃,而8.0%的雌性从阿诺·纽沃向南分散到皮埃德拉斯·布兰卡斯.
在大多数队列中,向北的分散率高于向南的分散率,波动很大.
分散不仅仅是由殖民地密度驱动的;在20世纪90年代,分散距离较小的殖民地更远.

结论:

北方海象的出生分散率一直很高,因此需要将该群体视为一个单一的单位来保护和应对环境变化.
高分散度促进了该物种的恢复,并表明了进一步扩展范围的潜力.

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