在引入掠食者控制后,环境变量影响了哺乳动物共发生的模式
Aurelie M Kanishka1, Wade Blanchard1, Tyrone H Lavery1,2
1Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
PloS one
|November 30, 2023
概括
环境变化和捕食者控制影响澳大利亚本土哺乳动物. 布什老鼠种群随着干扰而波动,而 possum 丰富度保持稳定,显示物种之间的负相关性较弱.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
背景情况:
- 种类的共同存在模式对环境变化和人类干扰非常敏感.
- 了解跨物种相互作用对于有效的保护至关重要,特别是在不断变化的生态系统下.
- 捕食者控制和野火是影响澳大利亚哺乳动物群体的重大干扰.
研究的目的:
- 评估野火和引入捕食者控制对普通小毛尾 (Trichosurus vulpecula) 和灌木鼠 (Rattus fuscipes) 的丰富和同时出现的影响.
- 为了确定物种相互作用或环境干扰是否更强烈地影响种群动态.
- 在一个管理的生态系统中研究这两种相似物种之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用澳大利亚东南部长期监测地点14年的丰富数据.
- 采用贝叶斯回归模型来分析与环境和干扰变量相关的物种丰度.
- 应用并发分析来推断物种间的关系和种群动态.
主要成果:
- 布什老鼠的丰富性显示出与环境和干扰因素相关的显著变化.
- 常见的小毛尾的丰富性对相同的环境和干扰变量表现出有限的反应.
- 观察到野和老鼠之间的负面关联,但它的影响力不如野火对鼠种群的影响.
结论:
- 野火和捕食者控制显著影响了布什老鼠种群的动态.
- 与布什老鼠相比,普通的小毛虫似乎对这些特定的干扰更有弹性.
- 虽然同时发生的分析揭示了负面关系,但针对有针对性的保护策略需要进一步研究直接相互作用和环境影响.
相关概念视频
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.3K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.3K
02:31Habitat Fragmentation
17.5K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.5K
00:30What are Populations and Communities?
33.9K
Overview
33.9K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
22.3K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.3K
02:04Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K