价值观在整个成年期都是稳定的吗? 来自德国两项长期小组研究的证据
Oscar Smallenbroek1, Adrian Stanciu2, Regina Arant3,4
1Department of Social and Political Sciences (SPS), European University Institute, Florence, Italy.
PloS one
|November 30, 2023
概括
与以前的信念相反,成年人的价值观在一生中继续发展. 这项研究使用了纵向数据来展示个人价值观如何在一生中发展,甚至进入成年期.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 生命周期发展 寿命发展
背景情况:
- 以前关于价值发展的研究通常依赖于横截面或短期纵向数据,对寿命变化提供了有限的视角.
- 一种普遍的观点认为,价值观的发展在很大程度上结束于青春期或早期成年期.
- 了解长期价值轨迹对于发展心理学和社会科学至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用广泛的纵向数据,研究整个成年期价值发展的延续和模式.
- 挑战现有文献的共识,关于在成年期停止价值发展.
- 检查不同的价值观 (自我超越,保护,自我提升,对变化的开放) 在整个生命周期中如何演变.
主要方法:
- 使用两个测量仪器利用多个纵向数据源,确保在研究1中通过确认的多维缩放 (MDS) 确保可比性 (N = 1,027).
- 采用潜增长模型来分析高学历的德国和平活动家专业样本中的价值发展 (研究2,N = 1,209).
- 使用大量,代表性的德国人口样本 (第3研究,N = 19,566) 证实了这些发现.
主要成果:
- 发现个人价值观在整个成年期内继续发展,这与已建立的共识相反.
- 观察到与年龄相关的自我超越和保护价值的增加,以及自增强价值的下降,直到40岁.
- 确定了对变化开放的独特轨迹 (在研究2中呈曲线,在研究3中呈下降),并注意到德国人口中保护和自我提升发展的教育差异.
结论:
- 价值观的发展是一个终身的过程,延伸到成年期.
- 这些发现需要对现有的关于生命周期价值发展的理论进行修订.
- 讨论了心理干预和旨在培养特定价值观方向的教育策略的影响.
相关概念视频
02:20Longitudinal Research
12.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.0K
01:26Longitudinal Studies
168
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
168
01:52Regression Toward the Mean
6.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.3K
03:34Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
43.5K
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
43.5K
01:27Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adulthood
99
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development outlines a series of stages through which individuals progress across the lifespan. Each stage involves a psychosocial conflict that significantly influences personal growth and well-being. Three key stages — intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and integrity versus despair — highlight the developmental challenges faced in adulthood.
Intimacy Versus Isolation in Early Adulthood
Individuals in early...
Intimacy Versus Isolation in Early Adulthood
Individuals in early...
99
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
119
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
119