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相关概念视频

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

50.6K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.6K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

12.6K
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
12.6K
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

10.0K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
10.0K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

37.1K
Overview
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

31.1K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
31.1K
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

52.3K
During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
52.3K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
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Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

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时间分辨率晶体学捕获光驱动的DNA修复

Nina-Eleni Christou1, Virginia Apostolopoulou1,2, Diogo V M Melo3

  • 1Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 30, 2023
PubMed
概括

光聚酶通过捕获激发的氨酸二核酸 (FAD) 辅因子来使用光来修复DNA. 这种酶促进了电子转移到DNA,通过一种新的单键中间体和阶段性产品释放来修复损伤.

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Advanced Confocal Microscopy Techniques to Study Protein-protein Interactions and Kinetics at DNA Lesions
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Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells
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Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

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Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
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Advanced Confocal Microscopy Techniques to Study Protein-protein Interactions and Kinetics at DNA Lesions
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Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells
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科学领域:

  • 生物化学
  • 分子生物学
  • 结构生物学

背景情况:

  • 光聚酶是DNA修复的关键酶,利用光能扭转紫外线引起的损伤.
  • 了解光解酶的催化机制对于理解DNA修复途径至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明光解酶催化DNA修复的反应中间体和机制.
  • 捕获和描述酶在催化周期中的过渡状态.

主要方法:

  • 采用时间分辨率晶体学来捕获短寿命的中间体.
  • 在不同时间点对酶-辅因子-DNA复合物的结构分析.

主要成果:

  • 光聚酶将黄氨酸二核酸 (FAD) 的兴奋状态捕获到曲的形状中.
  • 从激发的FAD转移到受损的DNA启动了修复过程.
  • DNA 修复涉及单键中间体,并逐步释放胆氨基基.

结论:

  • 这项研究揭示了一种新的DNA修复机制,涉及曲FAD激发状态和单键中间体.
  • 产物逐步释放,3' 乙胺首先被排出,由活性位点拥挤和破坏的键决定.