估计全球离子电池供应链对环境的影响:时间,地理和技术视角
Jorge A Llamas-Orozco1, Fanran Meng2, Gavin S Walker1
1Sustainable Process Technologies Research Group, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
PNAS nexus
|November 30, 2023
概括
了解电动汽车电池对环境的影响对于低碳未来至关重要. 切换到铁酸盐电池并改善回收利用可以显著减少电池生产的温室气体排放.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 能源政策 能源政策
背景情况:
- 过渡到电动汽车 (EV) 需要对离子电池供应链影响进行彻底评估.
- 来自电池生产的全球排放量集中,中国,印度尼西亚和澳大利亚是主要贡献者.
研究的目的:
- 分析当前和未来电池技术的摇篮到门的能源使用和温室气体 (GHG) 排放情况.
- 评估电网脱碳和材料采购对电池生产排放的影响.
- 评估电池回收利用在减轻环境负担方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- --- (NMC) 和-铁酸盐 (LFP) 电池技术的生命周期评估.
- 现有供应链和未来电网脱碳场景的建模.
- 来自不同回收方法 (直接,水金, pyrometallurgical) 的温室气体排放减少的量化.
主要成果:
- 目前,中国 (45%),印度尼西亚 (13%) 和澳大利亚 (9%) 占全球电池生产排放量的三分之二.
- 预计的电网脱碳可以在2050年之前将未来的电池生产排放量减少高达38%.
- 转向LFP化学可以在积极的EV采用场景下,到2050年比以为基础的化学品节省1.5GtCO2eq.
- 回收提供了显著的排放减少:直接 (61%),水力金 (51%),和 pyrometallurgical (17%).
结论:
- 通过电网脱碳,材料替代 (LFP) 和先进回收利用来优化电池供应链,对于实现净零目标至关重要.
- 这项研究为清洁能源战略和电动汽车行业的技术创新提供了关键数据.
- 可持续的电池生产是减轻全球低碳转型带来的环境足迹的关键.
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