吃或被吃:狼和人类之间潜在的剥削性竞争对掠食者熟悉和掠食者无知的鹿种群的影响
Ellen M Candler1, Stotra Chakrabarti2, William J Severud3
1Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA.
Ecology and evolution
|November 30, 2023
概括
捕食者重新殖民地区可以改变猎物的行为. 狼在存在的地区的鹿在黄昏时减少了活动,与没有狼的地区的鹿不同,表现出捕食者-猎物动态重新建立.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物生物学 野生动物生物学
- 保护科学 保护科学
背景情况:
- 掠食者重新殖民在全球范围内增加,重新引入掠食者对猎物种群的压力.
- 猎物物种可能会表现出改变的行为,因为缺乏最近的捕食经验.
- 了解这些动态对于基础生态研究和应用保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究白尾鹿 (Odocoileus virginianus) 在响应捕食者提示时如何分配风险.
- 为了比较狼群 (Canis lupus) 已建立的地区的鹿的行为,与没有狼的地区相比.
- 检查掠食风险对猎物活动和警的间接影响.
主要方法:
- 在密歇根州的上半岛 (UP) 和下半岛 (LP) 中使用了一种配对实验设计.
- 狼的嗅觉线索 (尿液) 应用于30个地点 (15个在UP,15个在LP).
- 遥控摄像头监测了鹿的警,活动模式和访问率,分析了息地共变量.
主要成果:
- 狼尿线索在UP (狼存在) 中降低了黄昏鹿的活动,但在LP (狼缺席) 中没有.
- 鹿的警与UP的植被覆盖有积极的相关性,这表明掠食者线索在更密集的息地更具影响力.
- 在LP鹿中没有观察到任何显著的行为变化,这表明对狼掠食的潜在天真.
结论:
- 间接的掠食效应,如活动模式的改变,在与重新建立的捕食者互动的猎物物种中很明显.
- 息地结构,特别是植被覆盖,可以放大捕食者线索对猎物警的影响.
- 这些发现对人类与捕食者的共存有影响,特别是在共享的狩猎场地,通过影响猎物的可用性和猎人的成功.
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