在自闭症谱系障碍中改善牙科护理的行为指导
Irene Pastore1, Elena Bedin1, Giulia Marzari1
1Community Dentistry Department, Ospedale Immacolata Concezione, Piove di Sacco, Italy.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|November 30, 2023
概括
行为支持显著改善了自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 儿童的牙科访问遵守和协作. 这种方法使一半的儿童能够在没有全身麻醉的情况下进行牙科治疗,从而促进终身口腔健康.
科学领域:
- 儿科牙科 儿科牙科
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 发育障碍 发育障碍是一种发展障碍.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 在获得定期牙科护理方面存在重大挑战,往往导致只有紧急治疗和长期负面的口腔健康后果.
- 患有自闭症的儿童在牙科环境中可能会因为感官刺激和必要的身体接触而感到焦虑,这给牙科专业人员带来了困难.
- 需要专门的方法来促进患有自闭症儿童的牙科护理,这对于改善他们的整体健康和福祉至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估专门的行为支持途径的有效性,用于接受牙科护理的ASD儿童.
- 评估在接受专业牙科支持的ASD儿童的遵守,协作和全身麻醉需求的改善.
- 确定行为干预是否可以提高ASD儿童的口腔卫生实践.
主要方法:
- 一个准实验设计,比较一个接受强化行为支持 (视觉辅助,护理人员培训,更长的访问) 的支持组 (n=84),每2个月进行一次,持续3年,与接受标准护理的匹配对照组进行比较.
- 在整个研究期间,对密集访问计划的高度遵守得到了维持.
- 合作水平和不用全身麻醉进行牙科治疗的可行性是主要结果指标.
主要成果:
- 得到支持的小组在一年后显示出合作的显著改善,这是持续的,与对照组不同.
- 支持组中一半的牙科治疗在不需要全身麻醉的情况下完成.
- 由于COVID-19的限制,没有观察到对合作的负面影响.
结论:
- 行为支持策略是有效的提高牙科访问遵守和治疗合作的儿童与ASD.
- 这种专门的方法可以减少对ASD儿童牙科手术的全身麻醉的依赖.
- 改善牙科访问经验和结果有助于改善ASD儿童终身口腔健康.
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