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相关概念视频

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

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Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
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Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

2.2K
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
2.2K
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

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Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism01:13

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism

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Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that proceeds via a tetrahedral intermediate, where a water molecule is eliminated as the leaving group.
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在烤过程中,植物性肉类替代品中的烯胺增加,氨酸化合物减少.

Jonas Pospiech1, Eva Hoelzle2, Alena Schoepf2

  • 1Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.

Food chemistry
|November 30, 2023
PubMed
概括

烤植物性肉类替代品可以形成烯胺和氨酸化合物. 然而,研究中发现的水平并不构成健康风险,尽管对新型加工食品需要进一步研究.

关键词:
烯胺是什么 烯胺是什么食品污染物 食品污染物氨酸化合物 是一种氨酸化合物.梅拉德反应是梅拉德反应.在烤上炸.植物性肉类替代品 植物性肉类替代品

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科学领域:

  • 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
  • 食品化学 食品化学
  • 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学

背景情况:

  • 植物性肉类替代品是越来越受欢迎的蛋白质来源.
  • 烤这些替代品可能会产生潜在的有害食品污染物.
  • 烯胺和胺化合物在加工食品中引起了关注.

研究的目的:

  • 研究烤过程中植物性肉类替代品和肉汉堡中烯胺和氨酸化合物的形成.
  • 为了比较不同烤温度 (160°C和200°C) 的污染物水平.

主要方法:

  • 分析了四种植物性肉类替代品和两种肉类汉堡饼.
  • 样品在160°C和200°C的温度下被烤.
  • 烯胺和化合物 (furfural,furfuryl酒精) 的数量得到量化.

主要成果:

  • 在200°C (72.7±7.7和69.2±9.5μg/kg) 炸的以大豆面粉和向日蛋白质为基础的饼中观察到最高的烯胺含量.
  • 未准备的豆和大豆蛋白饼具有最高的furfural含量 (2832.8±576.2和2683.0±868.5μg/kg).
  • 在以大豆面粉为基础的饼中,醇含量最高,温度升高至1120.9±383.4μg/kg.

结论:

  • 这些产品在烤过程中形成的烯胺和烯酸化合物的含量低于EFSA设定的可容忍摄入水平.
  • 尽管目前的安全性,由于消费的增加,对新型加工植物性食品中食品污染物的持续研究是有必要的.