在泛癌队列中的BRCA1/2逆转突变
Kohei Nakamura1,2, Hideyuki Hayashi1, Ryutaro Kawano1
1Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Cancer science
|December 2, 2023
概括
阴性BRCA1/2逆转突变可以恢复蛋白质功能,导致癌症患者的耐药性. 这项研究在12名日本患者中发现了32种癌症类型的耐药性突变,突出显示了它们即使在非BRCA相关癌症中也会发生.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 同类重组缺陷 (HRD) 突变增加了瘤对 (Pt) 基化疗和多氨酸二酸二酸) 聚合酶 (PARP) 抑制剂的敏感性.
- 逆转突变可以恢复蛋白质功能,从而导致对这些疗法的耐药性.
- 在泛癌队列中缺乏BRCA1/2逆转突变的全面表征.
研究的目的:
- 在一大批日本患者的胰腺癌队列中鉴定BRCA1/2逆转突变的特征.
- 研究BRCA1/2逆转突变的频率和类型.
- 探索与治疗反应相关的这些突变的临床背景.
主要方法:
- 对3738名患有32种癌症的日本患者的测序数据的回顾性分析.
- 在瘤或循环的无细胞DNA中识别体质突变,恢复BRCA1/2.2.的开放读取框架 (ORF).
- 分析逆转事件类型 (删除,单核酸变异,多核酸变异,删除插入) 和它们的机制 (例如,微同质介导的末端关节修复).
主要成果:
- 鉴定了12名体质BRCA1 (n=3) 和BRCA2 (n=9) 逆转突变的患者 (0.32%).
- 在乳腺,卵巢/输卵管/腹腔,胰腺,前列腺和胆囊癌中发现了逆转突变.
- 确定了21个逆转事件,其中7个删除 (33.3%) 显示微同质性>1bp,表明微同质性介导的末端关节修复.
- 四名患者在PARP抑制剂失败后获得突变,两名患者在以为基础的治疗进展后,五名患者在两种治疗后获得突变.
结论:
- 阴性BRCA1/2逆转突变发生在少数日本癌症患者中,导致获得的耐药性.
- 这些突变可能发生在用基化疗和/或PARP抑制剂治疗后.
- 这些发现表明,反向突变可能与BRCA1/2-介导的瘤发生相关,即使在非BRCA相关的组织学中,也需要进一步调查.
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