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自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

Petra Petranović Ovčariček¹, Rainer Görges², Luca Giovanella³

¹Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Seminars in nuclear medicine

|December 3, 2023

概括

自免疫性甲状腺疾病 (AITD),包括格雷夫斯病和哈希莫托甲状腺炎,是常见的,特别是在女性中. 核医学和抗体测试有助于诊断这些疾病,并将其与其他甲状腺疾病区分开来.

科学领域:

内分泌学在内分泌学.
免疫学免疫学免疫学
核医学是一种核医学.

背景情况:

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病 (AITDs) 包括像格雷夫斯病 (GD) 和哈希莫托甲状腺炎 (AIT) 这样的疾病,主要影响女性.
近年来,由于氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKI) 和免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICPI),以及与SARS-CoV-2相关的甲状腺炎,AITD和药物诱导的甲状腺炎的增加.
甲状腺功能障碍症可以在甲状腺功能障碍症和甲状腺功能障碍症之间波动,使诊断和治疗复杂化,并且必须区分甲状腺毒性与真正的甲状腺功能障碍症.

研究的目的:

审查自身免疫性甲状腺疾病 (AITD) 的诊断方法.
突出核医学和血清学标记在区分甲状腺疾病中的作用.
讨论AITDs不断变化的格局,包括药物诱导和感染相关的形式.

主要方法:

使用核医学技术,如放射性吸收 (RAIU) 和用99mTc-pertechnetate或123-的甲状腺光学扫描.
测量甲状腺抗体,包括甲状腺过氧化酶抗体 (TPO) 和甲状腺蛋白受体抗体 (TRAb).
使用甲状腺超声波作为补充诊断工具.

主要成果:

核医学成像对于AITDs的差分诊断至关重要.
甲状腺抗体测量和超声波提供了必要的补充数据.
准确的诊断是至关重要的,因为对于甲状腺毒性病和甲状腺功能障碍的治疗策略不同.

结论:

结合核医学,血清学测试和超声波的多面诊断方法对于管理AITDs至关重要.
在适当的患者管理中,区分甲状腺毒性和甲状腺功能过度症至关重要.
药物诱导和感染相关的甲状腺炎的发病率越来越高,需要持续警和诊断改进.

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