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在西班牙的两个职业男足联赛中,相对年龄的影响
José M Yagüe1, Alfonso Salguero1, Antonio Villegas2
1Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León - Universidad de León, León, Spain.
Journal of sports science & medicine
|December 4, 2023
概括
相对年龄效应在西班牙职业足球中很明显,影响了球员的选择. 年初出生的球员的比例不成比例,这可能会扭曲人才识别过程.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 人才识别 人才识别
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应 (RAE) 描述了在一个队列中由于出生日期的发育差异.
- 雷埃可以影响儿童的身体,认知和精神发展.
- 了解RAE对于公平的体育人才选择至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究西班牙职业足球中的相对年龄效应.
- 分析跨季节,球员位置和球队分类的出生日期分布.
- 评估RAE对足球人才选择的影响.
主要方法:
- 在LaLiga Santander和LaLiga Smartbank的三个赛季中分析了球员的出生日期 (n=4097).
- 根据1月1日切线将出生日期分为四个四分之一的分类.
- 统计检查出生日期按球员位置和最终球队排名的分布.
主要成果:
- 在联盟和季节之间发现出生日期分布的显著差异 (p<0.05).
- 对于守门员和防守者来说,RAE更为明显.
- 与第一个四分位数 (Q1) 相比,在最后一个四分位数 (Q4) 中出生的球员的百分比下降.
结论:
- 相对年龄效应在西班牙职业足球中存在.
- 当前的人才选择可能偏向于年初出生的球员.
- 足球招聘可能会优先考虑短期结果,可能会忽视晚期发展的人才.
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