专业人士和学生对法医结论的解释:经验是否重要?
Elmarije K van Straalen1,2, Christianne J de Poot1,2,3, Marijke Malsch4,5
1Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Forensic Sciences, P.O. Box 1025, 1000 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Forensic science international. Synergy
|December 4, 2023
概括
专业人士和学生对法医结论的优势有着相似的理解. 两组都高估了强有力的分类结论,低估了弱的结论,背景影响了表现.
科学领域:
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 法律研究 法律研究
背景情况:
- 评估法医结论的证据力量对于法律程序至关重要.
- 了解不同结论格式 (分类,口头,数值) 如何影响解释至关重要.
- 之前的研究没有在这个特定的评估任务中广泛地比较专业人员和学生.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较法律和犯罪调查专业人员和学生评估法医指纹结论的证据力量的能力.
- 研究不同结论格式 (分类,口头概率,数值概率) 对评估准确性的影响.
- 确定专业经验或学术背景 (法律与犯罪调查) 是否会影响法医证据的解释.
主要方法:
- 对96名学生和269名犯罪调查和法律领域的专业人士进行了在线问卷调查.
- 参与者评估了三个指纹检查报告,每个报告都以分类 (CAT),口头概率 (VLR) 或数值概率 (NLR) 格式的结论.
- 结论不同于所述的证据强度 (高或低).
主要成果:
- 学生和专业人士在总体评估结论强度方面没有发现显著差异.
- 两组人都倾向于高估强有力的分类结论的强度,低估弱的结论.
- 参与者的背景显著影响了他们的理解:法律专业人员的表现优于犯罪调查人员,而法律学生的表现低于犯罪调查学生.
结论:
- 专业知识水平 (学生与专业人士) 并没有显著改变法医结论优势的解释.
- 法医结论的格式,特别是绝对的陈述,可能导致过度或低估证据的强度.
- 学术专业化 (法律与犯罪调查) 在个人如何解释法医证据方面发挥着重要作用,法律专业人士比犯罪调查人员更能理解.
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